Discussion on the transportation guarantee of the

Discussion on emergency logistics transportation support

emergency logistics transportation support mainly refers to all organizational and technical measures to maintain, improve and restore the transportation capacity around the logistics needs of target groups in specific places in order to cope with emergencies such as war, natural disasters, sudden epidemics and so on. Its implementation includes not only the maintenance of transportation lines, but also the selection of transportation vehicles

I. characteristics of emergency logistics transportation support

emergency logistics transportation support mainly refers to all organizational and technical measures to maintain, improve and restore transportation capacity around the logistics needs of target groups in specific places in order to cope with emergencies such as war, natural disasters, sudden epidemics and so on. Its implementation includes not only the maintenance of transportation lines, but also the selection of transportation vehicles. It mainly has the following characteristics:

(I) sudden task, rapid action and short preparation time. Whether natural disasters or military, political and accidental emergencies, they often occur in unexpected times and places, and sudden is its remarkable feature. In order to protect the interests of the country and the people from loss or minimize the loss, control the situation as soon as possible and eliminate the harm, professional teams of transportation support are often assigned tasks in very urgent situations. Due to the sudden task, there is often no time for comprehensive preparation. After receiving the order, the support task begins to be carried out in dozens of minutes or hours, and the time is extremely short

(II) extensive forces, involving a wide range of areas, and difficult command and coordination. In war operations, the military is the main body of emergency logistics and transportation support in wartime, but it is still inseparable from the strong support of the people. In the process of resisting natural disasters, such as flood fighting and disaster relief, it is the joint action of the military and local forces. In addition to the participation of professional engineering and technical arms, its transportation (Transportation) support mainly depends on the transportation departments of local governments at all levels to organize professional forces and non professional civilian forces. In the face of the transportation (Transportation) support forces from so many services, multi-level, multi-department and multi-channel, it is very complex to make them work together, operate in an orderly manner, and form a joint support force

(III) special style, many unconventional problems and heavy support tasks

compared with the usual material transportation support, the emergency logistics transportation support has many unconventional special situations and problems. First of all, the focus of security is different. At ordinary times, the transportation guarantee is generally to remedy where there is a problem. Even if a certain transportation line fails, you can choose other routes to organize logistics operations; For the transportation guarantee under emergency conditions, it must be required to quickly repair or improve the traffic capacity of the established traffic line within the specified time period for the passage of the designated material supply force, and exchange space for time. Take the rescue and disaster relief as an example, a large number of materials, such as sandbags, life jackets, life buoys, tents, medicines and convenience food, must be delivered to the designated place as soon as possible, which requires the transportation support force to make every effort to ensure the smooth flow of fast traffic routes. Secondly, on March 13, 2017, the company obtained the formal consent of major shareholders and the approval of the formal resolution of the board of directors. Emergency material delivery teams are often highly concentrated, with urgent tasks, heavy work and long duration. The intensity and high standards of transportation support are no different from a special war

II. Problems faced and existing in the current emergency logistics transportation support

(I) the support system is not perfect. At present, national defense mobilization committees in all regions (cities) in China have established corresponding transportation readiness offices, but the current system is not reasonable. The transportation readiness Office only has a general understanding and grasp of the number and quality of local (municipal) transportation roads, transportation professionals and transportation machines and tools, but it does not distinguish and configure the professionals, equipment and materials, transportation machines and tools under its jurisdiction, and establish the transportation readiness support capacity, let alone clarify the wartime tasks and implement the wartime support plan, which leads to the weak ability of emergency support. In addition, Premier Wen Jiabao of the State Council and Chairman Jiang Zemin of the Central Military Commission signed an order on October 9 this year, approving the promulgation of the regulations on national defense mobilization of civil transport capacity, which will be officially implemented on January 1, 2004. Although 2.8 display mode: data and curve are dynamically displayed with the experimental process; However, this regulation marks the legalization of national defense mobilization of China's civil transport capacity, but it is far from enough. At present, there are no regulatory documents to regulate the leadership system, the requisition of relevant equipment, the formulation of plans, the implementation procedures, compensation and pensions, financial support, and peacetime exercises in the maintenance and emergency repair of transportation lines, the construction of temporary sites (stations) under emergency conditions, Leading to "no way to rely" for emergency logistics and transportation support

(II) imperfect command system. Emergency logistics transportation support often involves troops and local governments at the same time. This support force with the participation of the military and the people will have many problems in organization and command. At present, the army not only has not established an absolutely authoritative organization and command structure internally, but also has not established a military civilian joint command system externally, resulting in poor communication channels for emergency logistics and transportation, multiple commanders, fighting on their own, and unknown. In particular, the organization and command of highway emergency transportation and air transportation emergency transportation do not clarify the functions of the command department, and the military transportation department cannot play the leading role alone. Therefore, it is very easy to cause military orders to be blocked and government orders to be blocked, which seriously restricts the efficiency and effect of emergency logistics. In addition, under the condition of market economy, due to the focus on economic construction, some people's awareness of national defense, hardship and the overall situation has been weakened, and even some leading cadres lack a sense of crisis, which to some extent makes it difficult to concentrate personnel and carry out activities, especially in implementing the training of peaceful (emergency) transformation

(III) the vehicle is not advanced. Restricted by economic development, the current main mode of transportation, whether military or local, is still land transportation. The emergency characteristics of emergency logistics require the shortest time and the shortest transportation distance. However, due to the fact that the logistics cost increases in the order of sea transportation, railway transportation, automobile transportation and air transportation under normal circumstances, due to the limitations of objective conditions, for a long time, most parts of China have formed a situation of material transportation mainly by railway and highway. Even under emergency conditions and restricted by economic conditions, some regions can only organize logistics operations by road transportation. This regional imbalance of logistics transportation puts forward higher requirements for the emergency logistics transportation guarantee in some economically underdeveloped areas

(IV) the traffic road is underdeveloped. Although China has made great achievements in the construction of transportation infrastructure in recent years, what can not be ignored is that in some regions, especially in some mountainous areas, border areas and old areas, the backward situation of "going out by legs and transportation by backs" still exists. In such economically backward areas, once there are emergencies and emergencies, organizing emergency logistics and transportation support will undoubtedly require high costs

III. countermeasures for emergency logistics transportation support

(I) improve the legal system of emergency logistics transportation mobilization, so that the logistics transportation support forces of the whole society "have laws to abide by" and "have laws to abide by". The operation mechanism of emergency logistics transportation security, which relies mainly on administrative coordination means, is increasingly unable to meet the requirements of the development of socialist market economy. It is urgent to pass legislation, adjust the interests of all parties, and establish and improve a scientific and standardized operation mechanism of emergency logistics transportation security. It is a systematic project to build an emergency logistics transportation mobilization legal system. We should focus on the dual needs of economic construction and emergency, and give priority to the construction of emergency logistics transportation mobilization legal system in sensitive areas, such as flood prone areas, earthquake prone areas, ethnic separatist activity areas, strategic frontier areas and other areas. We should not only strictly implement the regulations on national defense mobilization of civil transport capacity and do a good job in the mobilization of transport capacity, but also make a scientific and reasonable overall planning for major transportation routes. We should give full play to the backbone role of railway transportation, the complementary role of air transportation and the extended distribution role of highway transportation, and make clear provisions for the requisition, maintenance and emergency repair of roads, railways and air routes under emergency conditions. It is necessary to make clear specifications for the leadership system of traffic lines, the implementation of emergency requirements for relevant equipment, the formulation of plans, the implementation procedures of emergency requisition, compensation and pension, and fund guarantee under normal and emergency conditions. Make the behavior of emergency logistics transportation support personnel have rules to follow

(II) strengthen the construction of emergency support forces, and improve the rapid response ability of emergency logistics and transportation support in the way of "backbone first". In the formation of forces, we should first establish a unified command organization based on the guiding ideology of "military led and people-oriented", and establish a transportation headquarters on the basis of the regional (municipal) transportation readiness Office, which is in the charge of a leader assigned by the military division and the regional (municipal) government, with the participation of the leaders of the military division headquarters, logistics department, local transportation, public security and other relevant departments. At the same time, organize regional groups, establish transportation teams, vehicle repair teams and road repair teams, which are organized and led by the traffic headquarters under the jurisdiction, coordinate with the army's emergency training, carry out necessary drills in an organized and planned way, and prepare emergency plans at ordinary times, and "give an order and guarantee at any time" when necessary. The second is to carry out centralized registration management. At ordinary times, the prefecture (city) traffic headquarters should do a good job in the general survey and reserve of local scientific and technological forces, use high-tech means to establish databases of professional support teams, traffic support funds, road and vehicle equipment and materials, transportation machines and tools, form local areas with the county traffic readiness offices, and implement automatic management of registration, training, and support. It is necessary to regularly clarify the formation, assembly area, tasks, etc. to units and individuals, so that in case of emergency, they can return to the construction and carry out the support tasks in time. Third, carry out centralized training. At ordinary times, the prefecture (city) transportation combat readiness Office should pay attention to the centralized counterpart training of the transportation combat readiness team, organically combine professional technology with modern high-tech and military training, regularly carry out relevant professional training, and change "decentralized" training into "relatively centralized normative" training. According to the characteristics of various regions, professional training bases with complete facilities should be established to make professional training develop in the direction of systematization, normalization and base. Based on the actual needs of emergency logistics and transportation support, strict intensive training and simulation exercises are regularly carried out in order to carry out the task of rapid transportation support in an organic and orderly manner under emergency conditions

(III) pay close attention to the construction of transportation infrastructure to ensure the smooth whole process of emergency logistics and transportation guarantee. First, build a good road. Fundamentally speaking, the construction of transportation infrastructure itself is the construction of transportation combat readiness. The construction of transportation roads is consistent with the requirements of economic construction and national defense. There is no disharmony and the problem of building roads solely for combat readiness. It is completely possible to